What is the purpose of the Maven build tool and how does it differ from Ant?

Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects. Its main purpose is to streamline the build process, manage project dependencies, and provide a standard project structure. Maven uses a project object model (POM) to define project settings and dependencies.

On the other hand, Ant is also a build tool that is more focused on providing flexibility and customization in the build process. Ant uses XML-based build files to define build processes and tasks, making it more suitable for complex build requirements.

One of the key differences between Maven and Ant is that Maven uses convention over configuration approach, meaning it provides predefined project structures and build lifecycle phases. In contrast, Ant allows developers to have more control over the build process by defining each task explicitly in the build file.

In summary, while Maven is more opinionated and encourages standardization, Ant offers more flexibility and control in the build process.