What is the difference between verification and validation in Software Quality Assurance?

Verification and validation are two important processes in Software Quality Assurance(SQA) that ensure the quality and correctness of a software product. Although they are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings and purposes in the software development lifecycle.

Verification

Verification is the process of evaluating whether the software system meets the specified requirements and standards. It involves checking the software artifacts, such as code, design documents, and requirements, to ensure that they align with the predefined criteria. Verification is a static process that helps in identifying errors early in the development stage and ensures that the software is being built correctly.

Validation

Validation, on the other hand, is the process of assessing whether the software meets the needs and expectations of the end-users. It involves testing the actual software product against the user requirements to determine if it satisfies the intended use and functions as expected. Validation is a dynamic process that focuses on the overall quality and usability of the software from the end-user's perspective.

Key Differences

• Verification is a process of checking whether the software is being built correctly, while validation is the process of checking whether the right software is being built.
• Verification is performed early in the development lifecycle, whereas validation is typically done towards the end.
• Verification involves reviews, inspections, and walkthroughs, while validation involves testing and user feedback.
• Verification ensures that the software system meets the defined requirements, while validation ensures that it meets the user's needs.

In conclusion, verification and validation are essential components of Software Quality Assurance that work together to ensure the quality, reliability, and effectiveness of software products.