What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?

Static testing and dynamic testing are two fundamental approaches to software testing.

Static Testing:

Static testing is a software testing technique that does not involve the execution of code. It is performed during the early stages of the development process. Static testing involves reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and code analysis to identify defects without actually running the code. It helps in finding issues in the source code, requirements, design documents, and other artifacts before the software is coded.

Dynamic Testing:

Dynamic testing, on the other hand, involves the execution of code and examines the behavior of an application while it is running. It includes various methods such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Dynamic testing verifies the functional and non-functional aspects of software by providing inputs and evaluating the results based on expected outcomes.

Differences:

• Execution: Static testing does not involve code execution, while dynamic testing requires executing the software.
• Timing: Static testing is done early in the development process, whereas dynamic testing is performed once the software is developed.
• Objective: Static testing focuses on finding defects in the early stages of development, while dynamic testing verifies the behavior of the software during execution.
• Goal: The goal of static testing is to prevent defects, while dynamic testing aims to detect defects.

In conclusion, static testing and dynamic testing are complementary approaches in software testing, and both are essential to ensure the quality and reliability of software applications.