What is the difference between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement in JDBC, and when would you use each one in a database application?

Understanding the Difference between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement in JDBC

When working with JDBC in a database application, it's essential to discern the differences between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement. Each of these interfaces serves a specific purpose and offers unique advantages based on the requirements of the application.

Statement

The Statement interface in JDBC is primarily used for executing static SQL queries. It is suitable for executing simple SQL statements without parameters or dynamic values. However, it is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks due to its lack of parameterization.

PreparedStatement

On the other hand, the PreparedStatement interface extends Statement and is preferable for executing parameterized SQL queries. PreparedStatements are precompiled, which enhances performance by reducing overhead in executing the same query multiple times with different parameter values. Additionally, they help prevent SQL injection attacks by automatically escaping input parameters.

CallableStatement

Lastly, the CallableStatement interface is used for executing stored procedures in the database. It allows calling stored procedures or functions with input and output parameters. CallableStatements offer the flexibility of executing complex database operations and working seamlessly with stored procedures defined in the database.

When to Use Each Interface:

So, when would you use each one? Use Statement when dealing with simple, static SQL queries. PreparedStatement is ideal for executing parameterized queries to enhance performance and security. CallableStatement should be used when working with stored procedures or functions within the database.

By understanding the differences between Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement in JDBC and knowing when to use each interface, you can efficiently interact with the database and optimize your database application's performance and security.

Include your experience of utilizing these interfaces effectively in your database applications to showcase your expertise in handling JDBC operations.