Difference between Object-Oriented Programming and Functional Programming

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Functional Programming (FP) are two popular programming paradigms with distinct approaches to designing and structuring code.

Object-Oriented Programming

In Object-Oriented Programming, the code is organized around objects that encapsulate data and behavior. Objects interact with each other through methods and messages. Key concepts in OOP include classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Functional Programming

In Functional Programming, the emphasis is on using functions as the building blocks of programs. Functions are treated as first-class citizens and can be passed around as arguments or returned as values. Immutability and pure functions are fundamental concepts in FP.

Differences

• Object-Oriented Programming focuses on objects and their interactions, while Functional Programming emphasizes functions and immutable data.
• In OOP, state is typically managed within objects, while in FP, data is immutable and functions do not have side effects.
• OOP uses inheritance and polymorphism for code reuse and flexibility, whereas FP relies on higher-order functions and composability.

Both paradigms have their strengths and weaknesses, and the choice between OOP and FP often depends on the specific requirements of the project.