Difference between include directive, include action, and jsp:include action in JSP

Include Directive: The include directive statically includes the content of another resource in the JSP file at translation time. It is processed by the JSP engine during the translation phase.

Include Action: The include action dynamically includes the content of another resource in the current JSP file at request time. It is processed by the JSP engine when the page is requested by the client.

JSP:Include Action: The jsp:include action is similar to the include action but provides more flexibility such as passing parameters to the included resource. It is processed by the JSP engine at request time and allows for the inclusion of files from both the server and the client side.

Understanding the differences between include directive, include action, and jsp:include action is crucial for efficient JSP development and can help you optimize the performance of your web applications.