What is the difference between functional programming and object-oriented programming?

Differences Between Functional Programming and Object-Oriented Programming

Functional programming and object-oriented programming are two popular programming paradigms that have distinct differences in their approach to solving problems. Here are some key differences between the two:

Functional Programming:

• Functional programming emphasizes the use of pure functions that do not have side effects.
• Data is immutable in functional programming, meaning that once a value is assigned, it cannot be changed.
• Functions are first-class citizens in functional programming, allowing them to be passed as arguments and returned as values.
• Recursion is commonly used in functional programming to iterate over data structures.

Object-Oriented Programming:

• Object-oriented programming focuses on creating objects that encapsulate data and behavior.
• Objects can have state (attributes) and behavior (methods) associated with them.
• Inheritance allows objects to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent objects.
• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling flexibility in designing software systems.

In summary, functional programming advocates for a more declarative and mathematical approach to programming, while object-oriented programming promotes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism for building modular and flexible software systems.