What is the difference between FIR and IIR filters in digital signal processing?

Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters are two common types of digital filters used in digital signal processing. The main difference between FIR and IIR filters lies in their impulse response characteristics:

• FIR Filters: FIR filters have a finite impulse response, which means that the output response settles to zero in a finite number of samples after the input signal has been applied. FIR filters are typically easier to design and implement, and they offer linear phase response.
• IIR Filters: IIR filters have an infinite impulse response, which means that the output can theoretically continue indefinitely. IIR filters are generally more efficient in terms of computational resources, but they can introduce phase distortions and stability issues in certain applications.

When choosing between FIR and IIR filters for a specific application, it is important to consider factors such as the desired frequency response, phase characteristics, computational complexity, and stability requirements.