Abstract Classes vs Interfaces in Java

Abstract classes and interfaces are both key components of object-oriented programming in Java. Here are the main differences between them:

Abstract Classes:

• Can contain both abstract and concrete methods
• Can have member variables
• Can have constructor
• Can provide default implementations

Interfaces:

• Can only contain abstract methods
• Cannot have member variables
• Cannot have constructor
• Can be implemented by any class

When to Use Abstract Classes:

Use abstract classes when you want to provide a common base implementation for a group of related classes, or when you want to define some concrete behavior along with abstract methods.

When to Use Interfaces:

Use interfaces when you want to specify a set of methods that a class must implement, regardless of the class's inheritance hierarchy. Interfaces are useful when you want to achieve multiple inheritances.

In conclusion, the choice between using an abstract class or an interface in Java depends on the design requirements of your program. Both have their own advantages and use cases in Java programming.