Difference between Depth-First Search and Breadth-First Search Algorithms

Depth-First Search (DFS) and Breadth-First Search (BFS) are two popular graph traversal algorithms that differ in the order in which they visit nodes.

DFS: DFS explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. It is implemented using a stack data structure.

BFS: BFS explores all the neighbor nodes at the present depth prior to moving on to the nodes at the next depth level. It uses a queue data structure.

When choosing between DFS and BFS, consider the following:

• DFS: Suitable for solving problems with one solution and when memory efficiency is a concern.
• BFS: Ideal for finding the shortest path on unweighted graphs and when you need to visit all nodes at a particular level before moving to the next level.

Determining whether to use DFS or BFS depends on the specific requirements of the problem at hand and the structure of the graph being traversed.