What are the key differences between a router and a switch in a computer network, and how would you decide when to use each?

Key Differences Between Router and Switch in Computer Network

A router and a switch are both critical networking devices, but they serve different functions within a computer network.

Router:

• Acts as a gateway between networks
• Operates at the network layer and makes decisions based on IP addresses
• Uses routing tables to determine the best path for data packets
• Can connect multiple networks, such as a LAN and the internet
• Provides security by using firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT)

Switch:

• Connects devices within the same network
• Operates at the data link layer and uses MAC addresses for data forwarding
• Uses MAC address tables to direct data only to the intended recipient
• Improves network efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic

When to Use Router or Switch:

When deciding whether to use a router or a switch in a network setup, consider the following:

• Use a router when connecting multiple networks or implementing security measures between networks.
• Use a switch when connecting devices within the same network for fast and efficient data transfer.
• For small office or home networks, a router with built-in switch capabilities may be the best option.
• Combining both a router and a switch in a network setup can provide optimal performance and security.

Understanding the key differences between routers and switches and knowing when to use each device is essential for designing and maintaining a reliable computer network.