Differences between JUnit 4 and JUnit 5

JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 are both popular testing frameworks for Java, but they have some key differences:

• Architecture: JUnit 4 is based on a hierarchical model where test classes are organized in a tree structure, while JUnit 5 utilizes a more modular and extensible architecture with support for new features like lambda expressions and annotations.
• Annotations: JUnit 5 introduces new annotations such as @BeforeEach and @AfterEach for setup and teardown methods, while JUnit 4 uses @Before and @After.
• Extension Model: JUnit 5 provides a more flexible extension model for customizing test execution and adding new functionalities through extensions, whereas JUnit 4 uses custom runners.
• Parameterized Tests: JUnit 5 simplifies parameterized tests with the @ParameterizedTest annotation, making it easier to write and execute tests with multiple input values.
• Assertions: JUnit 5 offers a more modern assertion API with improved readability and error messages compared to JUnit 4.

Overall, JUnit 5 brings several improvements and enhancements over JUnit 4, making it a preferred choice for modern Java test automation projects.