What are some common security vulnerabilities in web applications and how do you prevent them?

Common Security Vulnerabilities in Web Applications and Prevention Strategies

Web applications are vulnerable to various security threats that can compromise sensitive information. Here are some common vulnerabilities and ways to prevent them:

1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): This vulnerability allows attackers to execute scripts in a user's browser. To prevent XSS attacks, developers should sanitize and validate input data, encode output data, and implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers.
2. SQL Injection: Attackers can manipulate SQL queries to gain unauthorized access to the database. Prevent SQL injection by using parameterized queries, prepared statements, and input validation.
3. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): CSRF attacks trick users into performing unintended actions on a website. To prevent CSRF, use anti-CSRF tokens, validate requests, and implement the SameSite cookie attribute.
4. Security Misconfigurations: Improperly configured servers, frameworks, or applications can expose sensitive data. Regularly update software, restrict unnecessary access, and follow secure coding practices to avoid security misconfigurations.
5. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): IDOR allows attackers to access unauthorized resources. Prevent IDOR by implementing proper authorization checks, encrypting sensitive data, and avoiding direct object references in URLs.

By addressing these common security vulnerabilities through proactive measures and best practices, web applications can better safeguard user data and maintain a secure online environment.