How does indexing improve the performance of a database system?

Indexing in a database system improves performance by allowing the database management system (DBMS) to quickly locate and retrieve specific rows of data without having to search through the entire database.

When an index is created on a column in a database table, the DBMS creates a data structure that organizes the values in that column in a way that makes it faster to search for specific values. This helps to reduce the amount of time required to retrieve data, especially when dealing with large datasets.

By using indexes, the DBMS can quickly find the desired data records, leading to faster query processing and improved overall performance of the database system.