How does Hibernate handle database transactions and what are the different transaction isolation levels supported by Hibernate?

How Hibernate Handles Database Transactions and Supported Transaction Isolation Levels

In Hibernate, database transactions are managed using the Transaction interface. Hibernate abstracts the transaction management process, allowing developers to focus on business logic rather than handling transactional behavior directly.

Supported transaction isolation levels in Hibernate include:

1. READ_UNCOMMITTED: Allows a transaction to read data that has been written by other transactions but not yet committed.
2. READ_COMMITTED: Ensures that a transaction can only read data that has been committed by other transactions.
3. REPEATABLE_READ: Guarantees that any data read during a transaction won't change, even if other transactions modify the same data.
4. SERIALIZABLE: Provides the highest level of isolation, ensuring that transactions are completely isolated from each other.

By understanding how Hibernate handles database transactions and the different transaction isolation levels it supports, developers can effectively manage data consistency and integrity in their applications.