Array vs Linked List: Differences and Efficiency

Arrays and linked lists are fundamental data structures in computer science. Here are the key differences between the two:

• Array: An array is a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations. Elements are accessed using their index.
• Linked List: A linked list is a data structure where elements are stored in nodes that are linked together using pointers. Elements are accessed sequentially by following the links.

In terms of efficiency, arrays are generally faster for accessing elements since they allow for direct indexing. However, linked lists are more efficient for inserting or deleting elements in the middle of the list, as they only require updating the pointers.

Scenarios where you would choose an array over a linked list for efficiency:

1. When random access to elements is frequently required.
2. When memory is a concern and the size of the collection is known in advance.

Scenarios where you would choose a linked list over an array for efficiency:

1. When frequent insertion or deletion operations are needed, especially in the middle of the collection.
2. When the size of the collection is dynamic and unknown in advance.