Describe the difference between AC and DC current in electrical circuits.

Difference Between AC and DC Current in Electrical Circuits

AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) are two types of electrical currents commonly used in electrical circuits. Here are the key differences between AC and DC current:

1. Direction of Current: DC current flows in one direction only, from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. On the other hand, AC current constantly changes direction, periodically reversing from positive to negative.
2. Waveform: DC current has a constant voltage and current waveform, while AC current has a sinusoidal waveform that alternates between positive and negative values.
3. Applications: DC current is commonly used in electronics, batteries, and low-voltage applications. AC current is used in residential and commercial power distribution systems and high-voltage transmission lines.
4. Efficiency: AC current is often more efficient for long-distance power transmission due to lower energy losses compared to DC transmission.
5. Conversion: Converting AC to DC (rectification) and vice versa (inversion) are common practices in electrical engineering to suit specific applications.

Understanding the differences between AC and DC current is essential for designing and analyzing electrical circuits for various applications.