1. What is Windows Server?
Windows Server is a Microsoft operating system specifically designed for server use. It provides various server-oriented features and services for managing network resources, user accounts, data storage, and more.

2. What is Active Directory?
Active Directory is a directory service provided by Microsoft Windows Server. It allows for centralized management of network resources and provides features such as user authentication, access control, and domain services.

3. What is the difference between Windows Server Standard and Datacenter editions?
The Standard edition of Windows Server is designed for small to medium-sized businesses and supports a limited number of virtual instances. The Datacenter edition is intended for larger organizations and allows for an unlimited number of virtual instances.

4. What is a Domain Controller?
A Domain Controller is a server running Windows Server that is responsible for authenticating users, managing network resources, and enforcing security policies within an Active Directory domain.

5. What is DNS and why is it important in Windows Server?
DNS (Domain Name System) is a network service that translates domain names to IP addresses. It is crucial in Windows Server for name resolution, allowing users to access resources by their domain names instead of IP addresses.

6. What is DHCP and how does it work in Windows Server?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. In Windows Server, the DHCP service can be configured to dynamically allocate and manage IP addresses within a network.

7. What is the purpose of the Windows Server Event Viewer?
The Windows Server Event Viewer is a tool used for viewing and managing system, application, and security event logs. It helps administrators monitor server health, troubleshoot issues, and identify security incidents.

8. How can you promote a server to be a Domain Controller?
To promote a server to be a Domain Controller, you need to install the Active Directory Domain Services role and run the promotion wizard. This process involves configuring the server as a new domain controller or adding it to an existing domain.

9. What is Group Policy in Windows Server?
Group Policy is a feature in Windows Server that allows administrators to manage computer and user settings centrally. It provides a way to enforce security policies, configure software installations, and maintain consistent settings across the network.

10. How can you restore deleted Active Directory objects?
Deleted Active Directory objects can be restored using the Active Directory Recycle Bin feature if it is enabled. Alternatively, a system state backup can be used to restore deleted objects.

11. How do you manage disk storage in Windows Server?
Disk storage in Windows Server can be managed using Disk Management, which provides tools for creating, formatting, and managing partitions and volumes. You can also configure advanced features like disk mirroring or RAID.

12. What is the purpose of Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)?
WSUS is a Microsoft product that allows administrators to manage the distribution of updates released through Microsoft Update to computers in a corporate environment. It provides centralized control over update deployment and reporting.

13. What is Remote Desktop Services (RDS) in Windows Server?
RDS is a role in Windows Server that enables users to access virtual desktops or remote applications over a network connection. It allows for centralized desktop or application management and provides a secure remote access solution.

14. What is the difference between a physical server and a virtual server?
A physical server is a physical machine that runs an operating system and hosts applications directly. A virtual server, on the other hand, runs on a virtualization platform and shares physical resources with other virtual machines.

15. How do you add a new user account in Windows Server?
To add a new user account in Windows Server, you can use the Active Directory Users and Computers tool. This tool allows you to create user accounts, specify group memberships, and set various user properties.

16. What is Network Load Balancing (NLB) in Windows Server?
NLB is a feature in Windows Server that allows multiple servers to be grouped together and distribute network traffic across them. It provides high availability and scalability for applications and services.

17. How can you monitor performance in Windows Server?
Windows Server provides various tools for monitoring performance, such as Performance Monitor and Resource Monitor. These tools allow you to view real-time performance data, track system resource utilization, and troubleshoot performance issues.

18. How do you manage remote servers in Windows Server?
Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) can be installed on a client computer, allowing administrators to manage remote Windows Server machines from their own workstation. RSAT provides a set of administrative tools and consoles for remote server management.

19. How can you secure a Windows Server environment?
To secure a Windows Server environment, you can implement various measures such as using strong passwords, enabling firewalls, regularly applying security updates, implementing access controls, and using encryption where necessary.

20. What is Failover Clustering in Windows Server?
Failover Clustering is a feature in Windows Server that enables multiple servers to work together and provide high availability for applications and services. If one server fails, another server within the cluster takes over to ensure continuous operation.

1. What are the main features of Windows Server 2019?
Windows Server 2019 comes with several new features, including improved security, hybrid capabilities with Azure, enhanced virtualization, advanced storage options, and support for containers.

2. What is Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)?
ADFS is a Windows Server component that allows secure sharing of identities across applications and organizations. It enables single sign-on (SSO) authentication and authorization for web-based applications and services.

3. Explain the difference between Windows Server Core and Server with Desktop Experience.
Windows Server Core is a minimal installation option without a traditional graphical user interface (GUI). It has a smaller footprint, better performance, and reduced attack surface. Server with Desktop Experience includes a full GUI interface for easy management.

4. How can you create a failover cluster in Windows Server?
To create a failover cluster, use the Failover Cluster Manager or PowerShell cmdlets. The process involves setting up shared storage, configuring network settings, and adding cluster nodes.

5. What is the difference between a physical and virtual server?
A physical server refers to a physical machine, while a virtual server is an instance running on virtualization software such as Hyper-V. Virtual servers offer better resource utilization, scalability, and flexibility.

6. What is DHCP failover in Windows Server?
DHCP failover is a feature in Windows Server that allows two DHCP servers to provide IP address leases to clients in a redundant manner. It ensures high availability and fault tolerance by synchronizing lease information between the servers.

7. How do you configure Hyper-V Replica in Windows Server?
To configure Hyper-V Replica, enable the feature in Hyper-V Manager, specify the replication settings, select the destination server for replication, and set up the required network and storage settings.

8. Explain the purpose of Windows Server Update Services (WSUS).
WSUS is a Microsoft tool used to manage the distribution of updates released through Microsoft Update to computers within a network. It allows administrators to control update deployments and ensure system security.

9. What is Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC)?
PowerShell DSC is a configuration management framework in Windows Server that allows administrators to define and manage the configuration of systems, ensuring consistency and compliance across multiple servers.

10. How can you configure Network Load Balancing (NLB) in Windows Server?
To configure NLB, install the NLB feature, create a new cluster, specify the cluster IP address and port rules, add cluster nodes, and configure additional settings such as affinity and load balancing algorithms.

11. Explain the concept of virtualization in Windows Server.
Virtualization in Windows Server allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run independently on a single physical server. It enables efficient utilization of hardware resources, easier management, and increased flexibility.

12. What are the different types of Windows Server editions?
Windows Server editions include Standard, Datacenter, Essentials, and Hyper-V Server. Each edition has specific features and licensing options tailored for different use cases and business requirements.

13. How can you configure Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)?
To configure AD CS, install the AD CS role, set up a Certification Authority (CA), configure certificate templates, manage certificate revocation, and establish trust relationships with other CAs.

14. Explain the concept of Group Policy in Windows Server.
Group Policy is a feature in Windows Server that allows administrators to manage user and computer settings across an Active Directory domain. It enables centralized control over security policies, software deployment, and system configurations.

15. How do you implement Data Deduplication in Windows Server?
To implement Data Deduplication, enable the feature on a volume, schedule the optimization job, define inclusion and exclusion filters, and monitor the deduplication process to achieve storage savings.

16. What is the purpose of Remote Desktop Services (RDS) in Windows Server?
RDS allows users to access Windows-based applications and desktops remotely. It provides a secure and scalable solution for remote access, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), and session-based desktops.

17. Explain the concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in Windows Server.
SDN in Windows Server enables network virtualization and automation through software control. It allows administrators to centrally manage network infrastructure, implement security policies, and dynamically allocate resources.

18. How can you configure IP Address Management (IPAM) in Windows Server?
To configure IPAM, install the IPAM feature, establish connections to DHCP and DNS servers, configure server discovery, enable auditing and compliance, and set up IP address block management.

19. What is the purpose of Windows Deployment Services (WDS)?
WDS is a Microsoft tool for network-based deployment of Windows operating systems. It allows administrators to remotely install Windows images on client machines, speeding up the deployment process and reducing manual effort.

20. Explain the concept of Network Policy Server (NPS) in Windows Server.
NPS is a role in Windows Server that provides network access control, authentication, and authorization for remote access and wireless connections. It enables administrators to define and enforce network access policies based on user and device conditions.