1. What is Django?
Django is a high-level Python web framework that allows developers to create web applications quickly and efficiently by providing various built-in tools and functionalities.

2. What is the purpose of Django framework?
The main purpose of the Django framework is to simplify the process of building web applications. It provides several features like an ORM (Object-relational mapping), URL routing, form handling, authentication, and more to make development faster and easier.

3. What is ORM?
ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. It is a technique that allows developers to interact with a database using objects instead of writing raw SQL queries. Django ORM provides an abstraction layer that simplifies database operations.

4. What are the advantages of using Django?
Some advantages of using Django are:
– Faster development process
– Scalability and reusability of components
– Efficient URL routing
– Built-in admin interface
– Excellent documentation and strong community support

5. Explain Django’s MTV architecture.
Django follows the Model-View-Template (MTV) architecture pattern. The Model represents the data structure, the View manages the logic for processing and rendering the data, and the Template handles the presentation layer of the web application.

6. What is the difference between a Django project and a Django app?
In Django, a project is the entire web application, while an app is a component within the project. A project can contain multiple apps, each responsible for a specific functionality.

7. What is a Django migration?
Django migration is the process of synchronizing database schema changes with the models defined in your Django app. It allows you to make changes to your models and apply those changes to the database without losing any existing data.

8. Explain Django templates.
Django templates are files that define how the data from the views should be presented to the user. They include HTML markup along with Django’s template language that allows the dynamic rendering of data.

9. What is the purpose of Django’s built-in admin interface?
Django’s built-in admin interface provides an easy-to-use web-based interface for managing site content. It allows authorized users to create, edit, and delete records from the database without needing to write any code.

10. What is the use of Django signals?
Django signals allow decoupled applications to get notified when certain actions occur elsewhere in the application. It enables the communication between different parts of the application without directly calling functions or methods.

11. What is the purpose of Django’s built-in authentication system?
Django’s built-in authentication system provides a secure and efficient way to handle user authentication, registration, and management in web applications. It includes features like user login, logout, password reset, and permissions.

12. What is middleware in Django?
Middleware in Django is a component that sits between the web server and the web application. It can perform various tasks like modifying HTTP requests and responses, authentication, caching, and more.

13. What are Django’s class-based views?
Django’s class-based views are an alternative way to define views by using Python classes instead of functions. They provide better code organization, reusability, and support for common patterns like CRUD operations.

14. What is the Django ORM?
Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a technique that allows developers to interact with the database using Python objects instead of writing raw SQL queries. It provides an abstraction layer that simplifies database operations.

15. Explain Django’s URL routing.
Django’s URL routing allows you to map URLs to different views or functions within your web application. It is done by configuring URL patterns in the URL configuration file, which determines which view should handle each URL.

16. What is the purpose of Django’s settings.py file?
The settings.py file in Django contains all the configuration settings for a Django project. It includes settings related to database connection, static files, middleware, authentication, and more.

17. What are Django signals used for?
Django signals are used to allow certain senders to notify a set of receivers that some action has taken place. They enable loosely-coupled communication between different parts of the application.

18. What are static files in Django?
Static files in Django include CSS, JavaScript, images, and other files that are served directly by the web server without any processing. They are typically used for the presentation and styling of web pages.

19. What is the purpose of the Django shell?
The Django shell is a Python interactive shell with pre-configured Django settings loaded. It allows developers to interactively test and run Django code, query the database, and perform various operations.

20. What are Django signals?
Django signals allow decoupled applications to get notified when certain actions occur elsewhere in the application. They enable communication between different parts of the application without directly calling functions or methods.

1. What is Django middleware and why is it used?
Django middleware is a component used to process requests and responses in the Django framework. It sits between the web server and the application and can perform various functions such as authentication, session management, and request/response modification.

2. Explain the role of Models in Django.
Models in Django are used to define the structure and behavior of data in a database. They represent database tables and provide an interface to perform operations on the data such as creating, reading, updating, and deleting records.

3. What are Django Class-based views and why are they beneficial?
Django Class-based views are an alternative to function-based views where the logic is encapsulated in classes. They provide reusable and structured views by utilizing inheritance and mixins, making code more organized and easier to maintain and extend.

4. Mention the different types of relationships available in Django models.
Django provides several types of relationships between models, including:
– One-to-one: Each record in one model matches exactly one record in the related model.
– One-to-many: Each record in one model can have multiple related records in the other model.
– Many-to-many: Multiple records in one model can be related to multiple records in the other model.

5. What is Django’s signal framework and how is it used?
Django’s signal framework allows certain senders to notify a set of receivers that some action has taken place. Signals are used to decouple applications, enabling different parts of an application to communicate without directly depending on each other.

6. How does Django handle file uploads?
Django provides a FileField and ImageField to handle file uploads. The uploaded files are typically stored on the server’s file system, and Django provides helper methods to manage file storage and retrieval.

7. Explain the use of Django’s authentication system.
Django’s authentication system provides a secure and flexible way to handle user authentication and authorization. It includes features such as user registration, login/logout, password reset, and permission-based access control.

8. What is the difference between Django’s primary key and unique key?
A primary key in Django is used to uniquely identify a record in a model, and it is automatically created by Django when a model is defined. On the other hand, a unique key is used to ensure that a field’s value is unique within a model but may not be the primary identifier.

9. How can you optimize Django ORM queries?
To optimize Django ORM queries, you can:
– Use select_related() and prefetch_related() to reduce the number of database queries.
– Use index and unique_together constraints in database schema design.
– Use database-specific optimizations such as indexes and query hints.

10. What are Django migrations and why are they important?
Django migrations allow you to update a database schema without losing data. They record changes made to models over time and enable you to synchronize database schemas between development, staging, and production environments.

11. Explain the concept of Django middleware classes.
Django middleware classes are components that process requests and responses in a Django application. They can perform tasks such as modifying requests or responses, handling exceptions, and performing authentication or session management. Middleware classes are defined in the MIDDLEWARE setting of the Django project.

12. What is Django’s built-in cache system and how to use it?
Django’s built-in cache system provides a way to cache the results of expensive computations or database queries. It supports various cache backends such as memory cache, file-based cache, and database cache. Caches can be configured in the CACHES setting of the Django project and accessed using the cache API.

13. How can you efficiently handle forms in Django?
To handle forms efficiently in Django, you can use the Django forms module. It provides a high-level API for handling form validation, data cleaning, and rendering. Form fields can be automatically initialized from and saved to model instances, and form validation can be customized using clean methods.

14. Explain the use of Django’s template system and template tags.
Django’s template system is a powerful tool for generating dynamic HTML content. It allows the separation of logic from presentation by using template tags and filters. Template tags are used to perform logic and control flow operations within templates, while filters are used to modify the output of template variables.

15. How to handle transactions in Django?
Django provides a transaction management system that allows you to group database operations and ensure that they are executed atomically. You can use the transaction.atomic decorator or the with statement to define transaction boundaries in Django views or functions.

16. What is the difference between abstract models and multi-table inheritance in Django?
Abstract models in Django are base models that are not created as database tables. They provide common fields and methods to be shared by multiple derived models. On the other hand, multi-table inheritance creates a separate database table for each model in the inheritance hierarchy, allowing each model to have its own fields and methods.

17. How can you handle database connection pooling in Django?
Django does not provide built-in support for database connection pooling. However, you can use third-party libraries such as django-db-pool or django-pool to implement connection pooling in Django applications.

18. Explain the role of Django’s request and response objects.
In Django, the request object represents an HTTP request and contains information such as headers, cookies, and session data. It is passed to views and middleware for processing. The response object represents an HTTP response and contains the content, status code, and other metadata to be sent back to the client.

19. How can you integrate Django with other web frameworks or technologies?
Django can be integrated with other web frameworks or technologies using techniques such as reverse proxying, load balancing, or using Django as a back-end API server. Django provides a robust WSGI interface and can work seamlessly with other WSGI-compliant web servers or frameworks.

20. What are the best practices for Django project deployment?
Some best practices for Django project deployment include:
– Using a production-ready web server such as Nginx or Apache.
– Using a WSGI-compliant server such as Gunicorn or uWSGI to serve Django.
– Enabling SSL/TLS encryption for secure communications.
– Using caching mechanisms to improve performance.
– Automating deployment using tools like Fabric or Docker.