Can you explain the difference between black box testing and white box testing, and provide examples of when you would use each approach in a manual testing scenario?

Explaining the Difference Between Black Box Testing and White Box Testing in Manual Testing

When it comes to manual testing, there are two main approaches used to test software applications - black box testing and white box testing. Understanding the differences between these two methods is crucial for effective quality assurance.

Black Box Testing

In black box testing, the tester focuses on the functionality of the software without any knowledge of its internal code structure. This approach is similar to how a user interacts with the application, testing it based on the specified requirements and expected output.

An example of when you would use black box testing in a manual testing scenario is during the validation of user interface elements such as buttons, forms, and navigation. Testers simulate real user behavior to ensure that the application functions correctly from an end-user perspective.

White Box Testing

White box testing, on the other hand, involves testing the internal code, logic, and structure of the software. Testers with access to the source code examine the application's internal workings to validate its correctness, optimization, and security.

For example, white box testing would be appropriate in a scenario where the tester needs to verify the functionality of a specific algorithm or database query implemented in the software. By analyzing the code, testers can ensure that the application performs as intended at a deeper level.

By understanding the difference between black box testing and white box testing, testers can choose the most suitable approach based on the specific requirements of the software being tested.