Can you explain the difference between a layer 2 switch and a layer 3 switch, and when would you use each in a network infrastructure?

Explaining the Difference Between Layer 2 Switch and Layer 3 Switch in Network Infrastructure

Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches are essential components in network infrastructure. The main difference between a layer 2 switch and a layer 3 switch lies in the way they operate within a network.

Layer 2 Switch: A layer 2 switch operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward data within the same network. Layer 2 switches are primarily used for creating LAN (Local Area Network) segments, dividing broadcast domains, and enhancing network performance by efficiently forwarding traffic between devices on the same subnet.

Layer 3 Switch: In contrast, a layer 3 switch operates at the network layer of the OSI model and can make routing decisions based on IP addresses. Layer 3 switches combine the functions of a traditional switch and a router, allowing for inter-VLAN routing and enhancing network scalability and performance. Layer 3 switches are commonly used in larger networks where routing between different subnets is necessary.

When to Use Each Switch:

• Layer 2 Switch: Use a layer 2 switch when you need to segment a LAN, reduce broadcast traffic, and improve network performance within a single subnet.
• Layer 3 Switch: Utilize a layer 3 switch when you require routing capabilities between different subnets, implement inter-VLAN routing, and optimize network scalability in larger environments.

Overall, understanding the differences and use cases of layer 2 and layer 3 switches is crucial for designing an efficient and structured network infrastructure.