Describe the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption and provide examples of when each one would be used.

Cybersecurity Interview Question: Describe the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption and provide examples of when each one would be used.

Symmetric Encryption:

Symmetric encryption uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data. The same key is used for both processes, making it faster and more efficient than asymmetric encryption. It is commonly used for securing data that does not need to be shared with multiple parties.

Example: When sending encrypted files between two parties who already share a secret key, such as during a private communication between two individuals.

Asymmetric Encryption:

Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys - a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This makes it more secure but also slower than symmetric encryption. It is commonly used for securely exchanging data between multiple parties who do not already share a secret key.

Example: When setting up secure communication between a website user and the server using SSL/TLS protocols, where the server's public key is used to encrypt data that can only be decrypted by the server's private key.