The Difference Between Shallow Foundation and Deep Foundation in Civil Engineering

In civil engineering, the difference between shallow foundation and deep foundation lies in their respective depths and load-bearing capacities.

Shallow Foundation: Shallow foundations typically extend only a few meters below the ground surface. They are used when the soil near the surface has sufficient bearing capacity to support the structure's load. Shallow foundations include spread footings, mat foundations, and slab-on-grade foundations.

Deep Foundation: Deep foundations are used when the soil at shallow depths does not have the necessary bearing capacity. These foundations extend deeper into the ground to transfer the structure's load to deeper, more competent soil or rock layers. Common types of deep foundations include piles, drilled shafts, and caissons.

Understanding the difference between shallow and deep foundations is crucial in ensuring the stability and integrity of structures in civil engineering projects.