How does Spring support dependency injection and inversion of control (IoC)?

Spring framework supports dependency injection and inversion of control (IoC) through its core container. In Spring, dependency injection is achieved by the container providing the objects that an object depends on. This helps in creating loosely coupled and easily testable components.

Dependency Injection in Spring:

Spring supports dependency injection by allowing the configuration of beans in an external XML file or Java configuration class. The container then injects the dependencies into the beans either through constructor injection or setter injection.

Inversion of Control (IoC) in Spring:

IoC is implemented in Spring by having the container instantiate and manage the beans. The control of creating and managing the objects is inverted from the application code to the Spring container. This promotes separation of concerns and enhances modularity.

Overall, Spring's support for dependency injection and IoC promotes better design practices, facilitates easier testing, and enhances the flexibility of the application architecture.