Understanding the Difference Between Struts 1 and Struts 2 Frameworks

When it comes to Java web application development, understanding the differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2 frameworks is crucial. The focus keyword in this interview question is Struts 1 and Struts 2 frameworks.

Struts 1 Framework

Struts 1 was one of the earliest Java web frameworks, known for its Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It relied heavily on JSP pages for the view layer, ActionServlet for controller handling, and form beans for managing user input. However, Struts 1 had challenges with complexity, tight coupling, and required a lot of configuration.

Struts 2 Framework

Struts 2, on the other hand, introduced significant improvements over its predecessor. It focused on simpler configuration, easier integration with other frameworks, and enhanced support for Ajax. Struts 2 adopted a more modular approach, utilizing interceptors for cross-cutting concerns and OGNL for flexible data access.

Differences

One of the key differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2 is their approach to handling actions. Struts 1 used Action classes, while Struts 2 introduced Action classes as POJOs, making them more testable and less dependent on the framework.

Additionally, Struts 2 provides more flexibility in managing the view layer by supporting different result types like JSP, FreeMarker, and Velocity templates, allowing developers to choose the best fit for their needs.

In conclusion, while Struts 1 laid the foundation for Java web development, Struts 2 evolved to provide a more flexible, modular, and easier-to-use framework for building web applications.

Understanding the differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2 frameworks is essential for navigating the Java web development landscape effectively.