What are the steps you would take to troubleshoot a network connectivity issue on a Windows server?

Steps to troubleshoot network connectivity issue on a Windows server:

1. Check physical connections: Ensure that all cables are securely connected to the server's network interface card (NIC) and that the lights on the NIC are blinking.
2. IP configuration: Verify the IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server settings on the server are correct. You can do this by running ipconfig from the command prompt.
3. Ping test: Use the ping command to test connectivity to other devices on the network, such as the gateway or another server. This can help identify where the issue may be occurring.
4. Firewall settings: Check the Windows Firewall settings to ensure that the necessary network ports are open for communication. Disable the firewall temporarily for testing purposes.
5. Network adapter settings: Verify the settings and drivers for the network adapter in Device Manager. Update the drivers if necessary.
6. DNS resolution: Check if DNS resolution is working properly by using nslookup to query DNS servers for hostnames and IP addresses.
7. Network services: Ensure that essential networking services like DHCP, DNS, and the TCP/IP stack are running correctly on the server.
8. Event logs: Check the event logs for any network-related errors or warnings that could provide clues to the connectivity issue.
9. Network monitoring tools: Use network monitoring tools like Wireshark to capture and analyze network traffic to pinpoint the source of the problem.

By following these steps, a Windows System Administrator can effectively troubleshoot network connectivity issues on a Windows server.