What is the difference between the TCP/IP and OSI model?

When comparing the TCP/IP model and the OSI model, it's important to understand that they are both networking models that define the functions of a networking system. Here are some key differences between the two:

TCP/IP Model

• Developed by the Department of Defense (DoD)
• Divided into four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access
• Encapsulation and de-encapsulation occur at each layer
• Protocols are not fully defined within the model
• Used in the actual implementation of the Internet

OSI Model

• Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
• Divided into seven layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical
• Strictly defines the functions of each layer
• Protocols are fully defined within the model
• Used as a conceptual framework for understanding network communication

While both models serve as frameworks for understanding network communication, the OSI model is more comprehensive and detailed, while the TCP/IP model is more widely used in practical network implementations.