What is the difference between authentication and authorization in the context of cybersecurity?

Authentication vs Authorization in Cybersecurity

Authentication and authorization are two crucial concepts in the realm of cybersecurity that serve distinct purposes in ensuring secure access to systems and data.

Authentication:

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system attempting to access a network, application, or resource. It involves confirming that the entity is who they claim to be through the use of credentials such as passwords, biometrics, security tokens, or two-factor authentication. The primary goal of authentication is to establish trust and prevent unauthorized access.

Authorization:

Authorization, on the other hand, comes after authentication and determines what actions the authenticated entity is allowed to perform within the system or application. It involves defining and enforcing access controls based on the user's identity, role, privileges, and permissions. Authorization ensures that users only have the necessary level of access to resources and data, reducing the risk of unauthorized activities.

In summary, authentication confirms the identity of users, while authorization specifies what actions they are permitted to take. Both processes are essential components of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches.