Difference between pass by value and pass by reference in C++

In C++, passing arguments to functions can be done by value or by reference.

Pass by Value:

When passing by value, a copy of the argument is made and passed to the function. Any changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value outside the function.

Pass by Reference:

When passing by reference, the function receives a reference to the original argument. Any changes made to the parameter inside the function will directly affect the original value outside the function.

Using pass by value can lead to additional memory overhead, while pass by reference can be more efficient for large data structures.

It is important to choose between pass by value and pass by reference based on the specific requirements of the function and the data being passed.