Key Differences Between OOP and FP in Software Development

Object-oriented programming (OOP) and functional programming (FP) are two major paradigms in software development with distinct differences:

• Core Concept: OOP focuses on objects and classes, while FP emphasizes functions as first-class citizens.
• Mutability: OOP allows for mutable state, while FP promotes immutability and avoids side effects.
• Data Handling: OOP uses encapsulation and inheritance for data management, whereas FP relies on functions and data transformations.
• Error Handling: OOP typically uses exception handling, while FP emphasizes pure functions and monads for error management.
• Concurrency: OOP often deals with shared mutable state for concurrency, whereas FP favors immutable data structures and stateless functions for safer parallel processing.
• Modularity: OOP promotes modularity through classes and objects, while FP achieves modularity through higher-order functions and composability.

Understanding these key differences can help developers choose the right approach for their software projects based on requirements and design considerations.