Valid file open modes in Python

When working with files in Python, you can open them using various modes. The valid file open modes in Python are:

• 'r': Open for reading. The file must exist.
• 'w': Open for writing. Truncates the file if it exists, creates a new file otherwise.
• 'x': Open for exclusive creation, fails if the file already exists.
• 'a': Open for writing, appends to the end of the file if it exists, creates a new file otherwise.
• 'b': Binary mode. Append 'b' to other modes to open the file in binary mode (e.g. 'rb', 'wb', 'ab').
• 't': Text mode (default). Append 't' to other modes to open the file in text mode (e.g. 'rt', 'wt', 'at').
• '+': Open for reading and writing (e.g. 'r+', 'w+', 'a+').

These are the valid file open modes available in Python that you can use depending on the requirements of your program.